Course Outline:

Linux Essentials

•  Introduction to Linux

- Linux history
- Advantages of Linux and Open-source
- GNU Project / GPL Licensing
- Open Source and GPL – How to Protect Your Proprietary Software?
- Unix & Unix Clones
    - Unix –IBM AIX, SUN Solaris, HP UX, SCO Xenix, etc
    - Free BSD, NetBSD, MAC OS
- Various Distributions of Linux and forks – Slackware, RPM based, Debian, Android based etc.

•  Installation

- Hardware compatibility
- Disk partitioning
- Install boot process
- Firewall setup

• Linux Usage Basics

- Logging in
- Accessing the command line
- Changing your password
- The root user
- Elevating privileges
- Editing text files

• Running Linux Commands

- Running commands
- Getting help
- The whatis command
- The --help option
- man and info

• Exploring the Filesystem

- Overview of the filesystem hierarchy
- pwd, pathname, ls and cd
- Copying and removing files
- Creating and removing directories
- Determing file content, viewing files, file permissions

• Introduction to the bash Shell

- Command line shortcuts and history tricks
- Command line expansion
- Command editing tricks
- gnome-terminal

• Configuring the bash Shell

- bash variables
- Environment variables
- Aliases
- Startup and exit scripts
- Intro to shell scripting

• Standard Input/Output and Pipes

- Standard input, output and error
- Redirecting standard input and output
- Redirecting standard error
- Redirecting both standard input and standard error
- Using pipes

• Introduction to Users and Groups

- Linux security model
- Users and Groups
- Permission types
- Examining and changing permissions

• Basic System Configuration

- Configuring date and time
- Network configuration
- System logs

• The vi Editor

- Using vi
- Command vs. insert mode

• Network Applications

- IP address
- Static and Dynamic ip addressing
- Using ifconfig
- Using dhcp client

• Advanced Users and Groups

- User and group ID numbers
- /etc/passwd, /etc/group and /etc/shadow
- System users and groups
- Changing your identity
- Default permissions
- SUID, SGID and sticky bits

• Finding Things

- which
- whatis
- man –k (aka. apropos)
- find
- locate
- The Gnome search tool

• Linux Processes

- Intro to processes
- Viewing processes, process states
- Sending signals and terminating processes
- Process management tools
- Running a process in the background
- Suspending a process
- cron and anacron

• Archiving & compression utilities

- tar
- gzip and gunzip

Kernel Internals

• Introduction to Kernel

- History of Linux
- Types of Kernel
- The Linux kernel
- Kernel Facilities
- Kernel Architecture
- Kernel Version Numbers    

• The File System

- Virtual File system & its role
- Files associated with a process
- System Calls

• Process management

- Process Defined
- Process Descriptor Structures in the kernel
- Process States
- Process Scheduling
- Process Creation
- System calls related to process management

• Memory Management

- Defining and Creating secondary memory areas
- Memory allocation & deallocation system calls malloc, calloc, realloc, free
- Demand Paging defined
- Process Organization in Memory
- Virtual Memory Management- Address Translation and page fault handling
- Buddy System Algorithm
- Slab Allocator
- Swapping Memory Areas
- Memory Mapping
-  Zones and Pages
- Address Space
- Block Device Caching
- High Memory
- Paging

• Interrupts 

- About Interrupts
- Interrupt Handlers
- Softirqs
- Tasklets
- Work Queues

• Time and Timers

- HZ and Jiffies
- Time of Day
- Delayed Execution
- Kernel Timers

• Conceptual understanding of Device Drivers    

- Character Device Drivers
- Block Device Driers
- Network Device Drivers

• Kernel Configuration and Compilation

- Kernel Building System
- Patching the Kernel
- Kernel Configuration
- Compiling the Linux Kernel

• Kernel Parameters

- Build-Time Parameters
- Boot-Time Parameters
- Run-Time Parameters
- System Tuning

• Kernel Synchronization  

- UP vs SMP Issues
- Atomic Operations
- Semaphores
- Spin Locks

• Boot Process -  understanding Power ON to login prompt process

- BIOS Level
- Boot Loader
- Setup, startup_32 functions
- Available Bootloaders – GRUB, UBoot, etc.
- Role of a Bootloader
- Bootloader Phase
- Kernel Initialisation Phase
- The start_kernel() function
- System Initialisation Phase
- Understanding Runlevels
- Various initialization scripts & customizing them Kernel Command-Line Boot Parameters

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